At the presidential level, Goodluck Jonathan has taken the Oath of Allegiance and the Oath of Office on three occasions — first as the vice-president, as the acting president and again as the substantive president. These pledges were taken, not as a sectional or ethnic leader, but as a national leader. But in recent times, particularly within some Ijaw enclaves, many act as if Jonathan is the President of the Ijaw ethnic group.
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